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Tanneries inowanzobatanidzwa neiyo hunhu uye inosemesa "sulfide kunhuwa", izvo zvinokonzereswa nekudzika kwakadzika kwe sulfhydric gasi, inozivikanwawo sehydrogen sulfide. Zviyero zvakaderera se 0.2 ppm yeH2S zvatove zvisingafadzi kuvanhu uye kuungana kwe20 ppm hakugoneki. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ma tanneries anogona kumanikidzwa kuvhara kuvhiyiwa kwebeamhouse kana kumanikidzwa kudzokera kure nenzvimbo dzine vanhu.
Sezvo beamhouse uye tanning inowanzoitwa munzvimbo imwechete, kunhuwa ndiro dambudziko rakaderera. Kuburikidza nekukanganisa kwevanhu, izvi zvinogara zvine njodzi yekusanganisa zvinoyangarara zvine acidic ne sulfide ine beamhouse float uye kuburitsa huwandu hwepamusoro hweH2S. Pamwero we500 ppm ese anonhuhwirira receptors akavharwa uye gasi, saka, rinova risingaonekwe uye kuratidzwa kwemaminetsi makumi matatu kunoguma nekudhakwa kwehupenyu. Pakaungana 5,000 ppm (0.5%), huturu hwacho hunonzwika zvekuti kufema kamwe chete kunokwana kukonzera kufa nekukurumidza mukati memasekondi.
Pasinei nematambudziko ese aya uye njodzi, sulfide yanga iri kemikari yakasarudzika yekubvisa bvudzi kweanopfuura zana. Izvi zvinogona kuverengerwa kune dzisiri kuwanikwa dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda: kushandiswa kweorganic sulphides kwakaratidza kuve kunogoneka asi kusingagamuchirwe chaizvo nekuda kwekuwedzera mari. Kusabvisa bvudzi chete neproteolytic uye keratolytic enzymes yakaedzwa kakawanda asi nokuda kwekushayikwa kwekusarudza kwaive kwakaoma mukuita kudzora. Basa rakawanda rakaiswawo mune oxidative unhairing, asi kusvika nhasi ishoma mukushandiswa kwayo sezvo zvakaoma kuwana mhedzisiro inowirirana.

Nzira yekubvisa bvudzi

Covington akaverenga iyo theoretical inodiwa huwandu hwesodium sulphide yegiredhi reindasitiri (60-70%) kuti nzira yekupisa bvudzi ingove 0.6%, zvine chekuita nekuviga huremu. Mukuita, iyo yakajairika mari inoshandiswa kune yakavimbika maitiro yakakwira zvakanyanya, iyo 2-3%. Chikonzero chikuru cheichi ndechekuti chiyero chekushaya bvudzi chinoenderana nekusangana kwe sulphide ions (S2-) mukuyangarara. Mapfupi anoyangarara anowanzo shandiswa kuwana yakakwira sulfide. Zvakadaro kudzikisa sulfide mazinga kunokanganisa kubviswa kwebvudzi rakazara munguva inogamuchirwa.
Tichinyatsotarisa kuti chiyero chekusaita bvudzi chinoenderana sei nekusangana kwemakemikari anoshandiswa, zviri pachena kuti kukwirisa kwakanyanya kunonyanya kudiwa zvakananga panzvimbo yekurwiswa kune imwe nzira. Mukutsva kwebvudzi, iyi pfungwa yekurwisa ndeye keratin yebvudzi cortex, iyo yakasvibiswa ne sulphide nekuda kwekuputsika-pasi kwe cystine mabhiriji.
Mune nzira yakachengeteka yebvudzi, apo keratin inodzivirirwa nenhanho yekudzivirira, nzvimbo yekurwisa inonyanya puroteni yebhubhu yebvudzi iyo inonzi hydrolysed kana chete nekuda kwemamiriro e-alkaline kana neproteolytic enzymes, kana iripo. Yechipiri uye yakaenzana yakakosha poindi yekurwisa ndeye pre-keratin iri pamusoro pegirobhu rebvudzi; inogona kuderedzwa neproteolytic hydrolysis yakasanganiswa ne keratolytic effect ye sulphide.
Chero nzira inoshandiswa pakubvisa bvudzi, zvakakosha zvikuru kuti idzi pfungwa dzekurwiswa dzinowanikwa nyore kune maitiro emakemikari, zvichibvumira kuwanda kwenzvimbo ye sulfide iyo inozoguma nekuwanda kwehubvu. Izvi zvinoreva zvakare kuti kana kuwanikwa kuri nyore kwemakemikari anoshanda (semu lime, sulphide, enzyme nezvimwewo) kunzvimbo dzakakosha kuchigona kupihwa, zvinokwanisika kushandisa huwandu hwakadzikira hwemakemikari aya.

Kunyura ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakubvisa bvudzi zvakanaka

Makemikari ese anoshandiswa pakubvisa bvudzi anonyungudika mumvura uye mvura ndiyo nzira yekugadzira. Giresi naizvozvo chidziviso chemusikirwo chinoderedza kushanda kwechero kemikari isina mvere. Kubviswa kwegirisi kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kweiyo inotevera unhair process. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hwaro hwekuita unhairing hunobudirira nekupihwa kwakadzikira kwemakemikari kunoda kuiswa munhanho yekunyura.
Icho chinangwa ndechekudzikisa kunoshanda kwebvudzi uye nzvimbo yekuvanda uye kubviswa kwemafuta sebaceous. Kune rumwe rutivi munhu anofanirwa kudzivisa kubvisa mafuta akawandisa muhuwandu, kunyanya kubva munyama, nokuti kazhinji hazvibviri kuichengeta mu emulsion uye kuzora mafuta kuchava mugumisiro. Izvi zvinotungamirira kune greasy surface pane inoda "yakaoma" imwe, iyo inokanganisa kushanda kwemaitiro asina kuchena.
Nepo kusarudzwa kubviswa kwegirisi kubva kune zvimwe zvimiro zveganda zvinovaisa pachena kune kunotevera kurwiswa kwemakemikari asina mvere, zvimwe zvikamu zveganda zvinogona panguva imwechete kudzivirirwa kubva pazviri. Chiitiko chinoratidza kuti kunyura pasi pemamiriro e-alkaline anopiwa nevhu-alkali makomisheni anozopedzisira aita matehwe ane kuvandudzwa kuzara kwemativi nematumbu uye nzvimbo yepamusoro inogona kushandiswa. Kusvika pari zvino hapana tsananguro inogutsa yeiyi chokwadi chakanyatsopupurirwa, asi nhamba dzekuongorora dzinoratidza kuti chokwadi kunyura nealkaline yepasi kunoguma nekugovaniswa kwakasiyana kwazvo kwezvinhu zvine mafuta mukati medenda zvichienzaniswa nekunyorova nesoda ash.
Nepo kupera kwemafuta nemadota esoda kwakafanana, kushandisa alkaline yepasi kunoguma nekuwanda kwezvinhu zvine mafuta munzvimbo dzakasununguka dzakarongwa dzepelt, kureva mumativi. Zvingave izvi zvichikonzerwa nekubviswa kwakasarudzwa kwemafuta kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo kana kuti kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta zvinhu hazvigone kutaurwa panguva ino. Chero chingave chikonzero chaicho, mhedzisiro inobatsira pakucheka goho hairambiki.
A new selective soaking agent inoshandisa iyo yakatsanangurwa mhedzisiro; inopa iyo yakakwana pre-conditions yekunaka bvudzi-midzi uye yakanaka-bvudzi kubviswa neyakaderedzwa sulfide inopa, uye panguva imwechete inochengetedza kutendeseka kwedumbu uye mativi.

Low sulphide enzymatic inobatsira kubvisa bvudzi

Mushure mekunge denda ranyatsogadzirirwa mukunyura, kuburitsa bvudzi kunowanikwa zvakanyanya nemaitiro anoshandisa musanganiswa weenzymatic proteolytic formulation uye keratolytic mhedzisiro yesulphide. Nekudaro, mukuita kwebvudzi rakachengeteka, iyo sulfide inopa ikozvino inogona kudzikiswa zvakanyanya kusvika pamazinga e1% chete hukama kuvanza huremu pamatehwe makuru emombe. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa pasina kukanganiswa maererano nechiyero uye kushanda kwekubvisa bvudzi kana kuchena kwepelt. Iyo yepasi inopa zvakare inokonzeresa yakaderedzwa mazinga e sulfide mukuyangarara kwe liming pamwe ne pakavanda (ichaburitsa shoma H2S mukupedzisira deliming uye pickling!). Kunyangwe tsika yechinyakare yekupisa bvudzi inogona kuitwa pane imwechete yakaderera sulfide inopa.
Kunze kweiyo keratolytic mhedzisiro ye sulphide, proteolytic hydrolysis inogara ichidikanwa pakubvisa bvudzi. Bhabhu rebvudzi, iro rine mapuroteni, uye pre-keratin iri pamusoro paro inoda kurwiswa. Izvi zvinoitwa nealkalinity uye sarudzo zvakare neproteolytic enzymes.
Collagen inowanzoita hydrolysis kupfuura keratin, uye mushure mekuwedzera lime iyo collagen yekuzvarwa inogadziridzwa kemikari uye nekudaro inova inonzwisisika. Pamusoro pezvo, kuzvimba kwealkaline kunoitawo kuti pelt iite kukuvara kwemuviri. Izvo, saka, zvakachengeteka zvakanyanya kuita kurwisa kweproteolytic pabhubhu rebvudzi uye pre-keratin pane yakaderera pH isati yawedzerwa lime.
Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa neproteolytic enzymatic unhairing formulation iyo ine chiitiko chayo chepamusoro-soro kutenderedza pH 10.5. Payakajairwa pH yemaitiro ekumisikidza anosvika gumi nematatu, chiitiko chacho chakadzikira zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pelt haina kuratidzwa zvishoma kune hydrolytic degradation kana iri mumamiriro ayo akanyanya kuoma.

Iyo yakaderera sulfide, yakaderera lime bvudzi yakachengeteka maitiro

Iyo inonyorovesa inodzivirira nzvimbo dzakasununguka dzakarongwa dzedehwe uye enzymatic unhairing kugadzirwa iyo yakavharwa pahupamhi hwepH inovimbisa mamiriro epamusoro ekuwana mhando yepamusoro uye yepamusoro inogoneka inogona kushandiswa nzvimbo yedehwe. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo itsva unhairing system inobvumira kuderedzwa kwakakosha kwekupihwa kwesulfide, kunyangwe mukupisa bvudzi. Asi mabhenefiti epamusoro anowanikwa kana akashandiswa mune yakachengeteka bvudzi maitiro. Izvo zvakasanganiswa mhedzisiro yekunyorovesa kwakanyatso shanda uye yakasarudzika proteolytic mhedzisiro yeyakakosha enzyme kuumbwa kunoguma nekunyanya kuvimbika kushaikwa pasina matambudziko ebvudzi rakanaka uye midzi yebvudzi uye nekunatsiridza kuchena kwepelt.

Iyo sisitimu inovandudza kuvhurwa-kumusoro kwechivande chinotungamira kune yakapfava dehwe kana isina kubhadharwa nekuderedzwa kweiyo lime inopa. Izvi, pamwe chete nekuongororwa kwebvudzi nesefa, zvinotungamira mukuderera kukuru kwedhaka.

Mhedziso

Iyo yakaderera sulfide, yakaderera lime process ine yakanaka epidermis, bvudzi-midzi uye yakanaka-bvudzi kubviswa kunogoneka nekugadzirira kwakakodzera kwechivande mukunyorova. A selective enzymatic axiliary inogona kushandiswa mukubvisa bvudzi pasina kukanganisa kutendeseka kwezviyo, madumbu uye mativi.
Kubatanidza zvese zvigadzirwa, tekinoroji inopa zvinotevera mabhenefiti pamusoro pechinyakare nzira yekushanda:

- kuchengetedzwa kwakavandudzwa
- kunhuhwirira kwakanyanya kusingaite
- zvakanyanya kuderedzwa mutoro pane zvakatipoteredza - sulfide, nitrogen, COD, sludge
- yakagadziridzwa uye yakawedzera kuenderana goho mukuisa-kunze, kucheka uye yeganda mhando
- yakaderera kemikari, maitiro uye mari yemarara